Did You Know…About the History of the Olympics?
The Olympic Games have proven just as strong as their
athletes. Being the Olympic Games is
tough and hard earned work! The Olympic
Games have withstood centuries of controversies, criticisms and time periods of stagnation, but today still stand for something higher and
better than all of the negativity; drive and ability.
For all of you Olympic Buffs out there, here is a quick yet
detailed overview of the history of the Olympics and what brought them to the
status they have today, in a timeline format:
Ancient Olympics
776BC to 393AD the Olympics were a religious festival until banned by Theodisius
I for being pagan. In 426AD, Theodisus
II had all Greek temples destroyed.
Athletes would compete in the buff.
Games were held every four years. The four year time period was called an
Olympiad and was used as a normal unit of measure in day to day life.
18th and
19th Century
In the 1790’s, the French tried to revive the Olympic Games
with L’Olympiade de la Republique.
1860 The Wenlock Olympian Games began in Shropshire,
England. They were originally started in
1850 as an Olympian Class until they were privatized. These games still go on today.
In the 1860’s the first amateur games with an international
outlook were created. They were called
the Grand Olympic Festival and began in Liverpool and were for “gentleman
amateurs” only.
The Greeks tried to revive the Olympic Games as well as soon
as they gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1821. The ancient Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens
was rebuilt for the games which was funded by Evangelos Zappas.
In 1894, Baron Pierre de Coubertin reintroduced the modern
Olympics. IOC (International Olympic
Committee) took over and Olympic Charter structured the games. Winter games introduced.
In 1896 the Games were held in the Panathinaiko Stadium and
were very successful. The Olympic Hymn
was first introduced to the games at this time.
The Greeks loved hosting the games so much that they wanted to host them
permanently. The request was denied by
the IOC and the games were hosted in Paris. This started the tradition of
rotating the games internationally as well as started the tradition that the
hosting city was to be in charge of the games.
The 20th
Century
The Paris exposition was held in 1900 and introduced women
to the games. There was not a stadium for
the Paris games. Instead of medals, they
awarded the athletes with paintings because they believed that the paintings were of more
value than the medals.
The games were held in St. Louis in 1904. This was when the
Olympics started using the three medals as awards for winning the games.
The games were not very popular in 1900 or 1904 due
partially to the introduction of women to the games.
In 1906 Athens held the Intercalated Games which were not
overseen by the IOC but were extremely popular internationally. This was the last boost the games needed
before they steadily became popular and a growing event.
The Beginning of the
Modern Olympic Era
In 1912 the medals were no longer entirely made of gold
rather made of silver with 6 grams of gold plating the medal.
The Berlin Olympics in 1936 were the first televised
Olympics. However, they were only
televised locally.
The Winter Olympics of Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy in 1956 was
the first internationally televised Olympic event.
In 1957 the Olympic Hymn, which was originally written for
the 1896 Athens Olympic Games, was finally declared the official hymn of the
Olympics by the IOC.
The Olympics that partook in Rome were first televised in
the United States in 1960, covered by CBS.
In 1972 Avery Brundage retired as president to the IOC which
sparked the IOC to start seeking more television coverage and international
corporate sponsors.
The Youth Games were introduced in 2010 allowing athletes
between the ages of 14 and 18 to participate in the Youth Olympic Games.
The Paralympics
The first Paralympics were held in 1948 when Sir Ludwig
Guttman wanted to promote rehabilitation of World War II veterans. They were originally called the Stoke
Mandeville Games and were played annually between several hospitals.
It was not until 1960 that they were called the Parallel
Olympics.
They were not hosted at the same time or in the same city as
the Olympics until 1988 in Seoul, South Korea.
In 2001 the IOC and
the committee for the Paralympics finally signed an agreement that host cities
would manage both games.
More interesting facts about the Olympics:
The logo was created with symbolism in mind. The five rings represent the five continents
of Africa, America, Asia, Australia, and Europe). Each nation’s flag contains at least one of
the colors featured on the Olympic logo.
The United States has won 2,189 medals at the Summer
Olympics (not including the current Olympics in London) which is more than any
other country.
French and English are the official languages of the
Olympics.
The oldest man to have won an Olympic award was 72 when he
won his last medal. Oscar Swahn of
Sweden won 6 medals in his Olympic career, all in shooting competition.
There has never been a country in the Southern Hemisphere
that has ever hosted a Winter Olympics.
Africa, South America, and Antarctica have never hosted an
Olympics.
The first Marathon was run in 490BCE by a man who ran from
Marathon to Athens (about 25 miles) after the Persian invasion in order to
communicate the outcome to the Athenians.
The man, Pheidippides, fell dead to the ground after he fulfilled his
duty as a messenger. The entire run was
barefoot and full of obstacles. The 1896
games included a marathon in order to commemorate Pheidippides sacrifice.
